Presenting a philosophical and psychological overview of the history of the concept of intelligence, this controversial text does not aim to supply yet another opinion on, or interpretation of the concept of intelligence, but rather attempts to find out how to approach this concept on a scientific level.
The author examines the numerous facets of 'implicit intelligence policies'those unspoken directives that often profoundly influence social and educational policies-and their impact on policies regarding measured and actual mental ability.
First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Intelligence Testing and Minority Students offers the reader a fresh opportunity to re-learn and re-consider the implications of intelligence testing. Richard R. Valencia and Lisa A. Suzuki discuss the strengths and limitations of IQ testing relative to the factors which may contribute to biased results. They review the history of the adaptation and adoption of intelligence testing; evaluate the heredity-environment debate; discuss the specific performance factors which apply to IQ testing of those in minority ethnic groups. This practical book offers the practitioner a good sense of what can be done to make testing and education serve the needs of all students fairly and validly, whatever their background.
This volume aims to contribute to the integration of three traditions that have remained separate in psychology. Specifically, the developmental, the psychometric, and the cognitive tradition. In order to achieve this aim, the text deals with these three aspects of human knowing that have been the focus of one or more of the three traditions for many years. Answers are provided to questions such as the following: What is common to intelligence, mind, and reasoning? What is specific to each of these three aspects of human knowing? How does each of them affect the functioning and development of the other? The chapters are organized into two parts. Part I focuses on intelligence and mind and has reasoning at the background. The papers in this part present new theories and methods that systematically attempt to bridge psychometric theories of intelligence with theories of cognitive development or information processing theories. Part II focuses on mind and reasoning and has intelligence at the background. The papers in this part develop models of reasoning and attempt to show how reasoning interacts with mind and intelligence. Two discussion chapters are also included. These highlight ...
Currently the Vice President of the International Society for Philosophical Enquiry (ISPE) as well as featured writer for the Mensa International Journal, Hally takes an active interest in human intelligence in all its forms and applications. ...Hally explores the science behind both human and artificial intelligence, even touching on animal intelligence to appease the animal lovers among us. By blending factual analyses with humor and plenty of background information to keep readers “on the right page,” Hally manages to render a potentially dry, dense subject more accessible. In fact, some of the most endearing qualities of this book are its frankness and careful accessibility. Each essay is prefaced with a helpful, yet non-condescending, introduction. It's an excellent gateway book for a novice who'd like an overview of general concepts of intelligence... Those who are well-versed in the area of intelligence study are likely to enjoy this book for the perspectives it offers. As such, I'd recommend this book to anyone having an interest in the topic of intelligence, regardless of the level of refinement of that interest. Definite thumbs up! —Shannon D. Moody, Diplomacy and...
The purpose of this book is to provide an overview of AI research, ranging from basic work to interfaces and applications, with as much emphasis on results as on current issues. It is aimed at an audience of master students and Ph.D. students, and can be of interest as well for researchers and engineers who want to know more about AI. The book is split into three volumes: - the first volume brings together twenty-three chapters dealing with the foundations of knowledge representation and the formalization of reasoning and learning (Volume 1. Knowledge representation, reasoning and learning) - the second volume offers a view of AI, in fourteen chapters, from the side of the algorithms (Volume 2. AI Algorithms) - the third volume, composed of sixteen chapters, describes the main interfaces and applications of AI (Volume 3. Interfaces and applications of AI). This second volume presents the main families of algorithms developed or used in AI to learn, to infer, to decide. Generic approaches to problem solving are presented: ordered heuristic search, as well as metaheuristics are considered. Algorithms for processing logic-based representations of various types (first-order formulae,...
The 'Flynn effect' refers to the massive increase in IQ test scores over the course of the twentieth century. Does it mean that each generation is more intelligent than the last? Does it suggest how each of us can enhance our own intelligence? Professor Flynn is finally ready to give his own views. He asks what intelligence really is and gives a surprising and illuminating answer. This expanded paperback edition includes three important new essays. The first contrasts the art of writing cognitive history with the science of measuring intelligence and reports data. The second outlines how we might get a complete theory of intelligence, and the third details Flynn's reservations about Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. A fascinating book that bridges the gulf separating our minds from those of our ancestors a century ago, and makes an important contribution to our understanding of human intelligence.
First Published in 1987. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
This monograph presents a novel conceptual framework for the study of human social behavior with potentially far-reaching implications. Owing to the role it accords to stored memory representations of observed occurrences (examples) of actions, the proposed framework is referred to as the Exemplar Choice Theory, or ECT. The theory links perception and action and combines an expectancy-value perspective on choice behavior, with features of recent exemplar-based approaches to the study of human information processing. It addresses the influence of social models, as well as the impact of past action consequences and differs from extant theories of instrumental learning. The volume focuses on two extreme classes of conditions defined in terms of the actor's limited access to information and discusses available evidence from many areas of psychology. Its structure is as follows: the introductory chapter locates the proposed theory within a historical context; this is followed by an overview of the main structure of the conceptual framework; subsequently, general propositions are presented and discussed in detail; later, empirical implications are derived for certain extreme classes of...
With essentially the same basis as the 1971 Abilities, Their Structure, Growth and Action, this new volume reflects the developments of subsequent years.
As critics will note, psychometric tests are deeply flawed. Person-to-person differences in performance on a psychometric test are not informative about many things of great interest. An intelligence quotient (IQ) cannot characterize creativity or w- dom or artistic ability or other forms of specialized knowledge. An IQ test is simply an effort to assess an aptitude for success in the modern world, and individual scores do a mediocre job of predicting individual successes. In the early days of psychology, tests of intelligence were cobbled together with little thought as to validity; instead, the socially powerful sought to validate their power and the prominent to rationalize their success. In recent years, we have ob- ated many of the objections to IQ that were so forcefully noted by Stephen Jay Gould in The Mismeasure of Man. Nevertheless, IQ tests are still flawed and those flaws are hereby acknowledged in principle. Yet, in the analysis that follows, individual IQ test scores are not used; rather, average IQ scores are employed. In many cases – though not all – an average IQ is calculated from a truly enormous sample of people. The most common circ- stance for such...
The book focuses on a conceptual flaw in contemporary artificial intelligence and cognitive science. Many people have discovered diverse manifestations and facets of this flaw, but the central conceptual impasse is at best only partially perceived. Its consequences, nevertheless, visit themselves as distortions and failures of multiple research projects - and make impossible the ultimate aspirations of the fields. The impasse concerns a presupposition concerning the nature of representation - that all representation has the nature of encodings: encodingism. Encodings certainly exist, but encodingism is at root logically incoherent; any programmatic research predicted on it is doomed too distortion and ultimate failure. The impasse and its consequences - and steps away from that impasse - are explored in a large number of projects and approaches. These include SOAR, CYC, PDP, situated cognition, subsumption architecture robotics, and the frame problems - a general survey of the current research in AI and Cognitive Science emerges. Interactivism, an alternative model of representation, is proposed and examined.
To understand the ways people with autism think, Peter Vermeulen argues, we need to try to get inside their world. The latest scientific thinking is clearly explained, and illustrated by numerous personal accounts. This introductory book offers the reader a real window into the autistic mind and the very individual way in which it processes information. Honest and accessible, this book will be invaluable to anyone involved in the care of an autistic child.
For both experienced psychologists and graduate students, WISC-IV Advanced Clinical Interpretation moves quickly through the essentials of WISC-IV interpretation and onto an insightful analysis of the major cognitive domains assessed by WISC-IV. It is the intention of the editors to raise the standard of practice from a simplistic 'test-label-place' model to a clinical model of assessing to understand and intervene. In the first chapter, the reader is presented with a comprehensive array of societal and home environment factors for which there is empirical evidence indicating their impact on the development of children’s cognitive abilities, and ultimately their scores on intelligence tests. Subsequent chapters address issues related to the assessment of cognitive abilities that compose 'g', with special emphasis on the clinical correlates of working memory and processing speed from both neuropsychological and cognitive information processing perspectives. Each new chapter builds on material presented in previous chapters and progresses the reader purposefully through deeper levels of understanding of WISC-IV and cognitive assessment in general. Two chapters explicate the...
This title, first published in 1990, engages in the current debates about the teaching of literacy and the reform of education. Based on his dissatisfaction with prevalent theories of educational achievement and his experience of teaching in elementary schools, Winch argues that the dichotomy of biological inheritance and environmental influence is inadequate to describe the diverse phenomena of educational achievement. This title will be of interest to students of the philosophy of education.
WISC-V: Clinical Use and Interpretation, Second Edition provides practical information for clinicians on the selection of subtest measures, along with their proper administration and interpretation. Full Scale IQ is identified as important for predicting relevant behaviors and primary index scores for characterizing the child’s strengths and weaknesses. Classroom indicators of low scores on each of these abilities are identified, with suggested interventions, accommodations and instructional strategies for low scorers. Coverage includes ethnic differences for the Full Scale IQ and each primary index score, along with evidence of the profound influence of parental attitudes and expectations. Several other societal and contextual factors relevant to understanding racial/ethnic differences are presented. Two chapters review use of the WISC-V for identifying learning disabilities, testing of individuals with dyslexia, and best-practice recommendations to ensure accurate diagnosis and intervention. Concluding chapters describe advances in the Q-interactive system platform allowing administration of the WISC-V on iPads and other tablets, and how clinicians can tailor assessment using...
The volume applies to the study of the motor system the computational approach developed by David Marr for the visual system. Accordingly, understanding movement is viewed as an information processing problem, centred on the representation of appropriate computational structures. In particular, the book deals with the representation of objects, concurrent parallel processes, trajectory formation patterns and patterns of interaction with the environment. A number of modeling techniques are discussed, ranging from computational geometry to artificial intelligence, integrating very different aspects of movement, especially those which are not directly motoric.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
Discussing (from various viewpoints) problems in theory building and theory evaluation, this book starts from the assumption that theories of development are particular ways of defining the concept of psychological development in terms of a specific conceptual framework, as well as in terms of a specific empirical range (nature of the explained phenomena, prototypical experiments and applications, etc.). The first three parts deal with basic problems in modern developmental psychology, namely ways of describing development and how they direct theory formation; causes and conditions of development in relation with learning and the problem of precursors; and the individual and the socio-cultural dimension in theory building. The fourth part demonstrates three different forms of theory building, while the final part deals with an old philosophical problem in developmental psychology, the rationalism-empiricism controversy.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, TACAS 2009, held in York, UK, in March 2009, as part of ETAPS 2009, the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software. The 27 full papers and 8 tool demonstrations included in the volume were thoroughly reviewed and selected from 131 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Model Checking, Tools, Verification of Concurrent Programs, Parametric Analysis, Program Analysis, and Hybrid Systems.
A world list of books in the English language.
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale is the most widely used intelligence test for children worldwide. WISC-V introduces new subtests, composite scores, process scores, error scores, and scaled scores as a more complex and accurate means of assessing cognitive abilities. WISC-V Assessment and Interpretation provides practical information for clinicians on selection of subtest measures, administration, and interpretation. New subtests are described along with tips for accurate administration and scoring. Full Scale IQ is identified as important for predicting relevant behaviors, and primary index scores for characterizing the child’s strengths and weaknesses. Classroom indicators of low scores on each of these abilities are identified, with suggested interventions, accommodations, and instructional strategies for low scorers. Coverage includes ethnic differences for the Full Scale IQ and each primary index score, along with evidence of the profound influence of parental attitudes and expectations. Several other societal and contextual factors relevant to understanding racial/ethnic differences are presented. Two chapters review use of the WISC-V for identifying learning disabilities,...
The 'Flynn effect' is a surprising finding, identified by James R. Flynn, that IQ test scores have significantly increased from one generation to the next over the past century. Flynn now brings us an exciting new book which aims to make sense of this rise in IQ scores and considers what this tells us about our intelligence, our minds and society. Are We Getting Smarter? features fascinating new material on a variety of topics including the effects of intelligence in the developing world; the impact of rising IQ scores on the death penalty, cognitive ability in old age and the language abilities of youth culture; as well as controversial topics of race and gender. He ends with the message that assessing IQ goes astray if society is ignored. As IQ scores continue to rise into the twenty-first century, particularly in the developing world, the 'Flynn effect' marches on.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbolic Computation, AISC 2014, held in Seville, Spain, in December 2014. The 15 full papers presented together with 2 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 22 submissions. The goals were on one side to bind mathematical domains such as algebraic topology or algebraic geometry to AI but also to link AI to domains outside pure algorithmic computing. The papers address all current aspects in the area of symbolic computing and AI: basic concepts of computability and new Turing machines; logics including non-classical ones; reasoning; learning; decision support systems; and machine intelligence and epistemology and philosophy of symbolic mathematical computing.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning, LPAR 2006, held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in November 2006. The 38 revised full papers presented together with one invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected from 96 submissions.
How do people perceive time? This book presents a wealth of contemporary and classical research, including some of the history and philosophy of time perception. Influential internal clock-based models of time perception receive an in-depth but non-technical introduction and discussion. The role of cognition and emotion in perceiving time is also explored, as well as questions derived from time experience in daily life, such as why time seems to pass more quickly in one situation rather than another. Classical and modern research on timing in children is reviewed, as well as work on time perception and time experience in older people. Leading recent models of animal timing are also discussed in a non-mathematical way.
Big Data Analytics and Intelligence is essential reading for researchers and experts working in the fields of health care, data science, analytics, the internet of things, and information retrieval.
This two-volume set contains over 250 articles of varying lengths dealing with all aspects of human intelligence.
The findings of the workshop, part of the program of the Council for Cultural Cooperation of the Council of Europe, is designed to provide information that the ministries of education in the several member states can use to prepare policy decisions. Reviews the research on gifted children and adoles
Download Options